아학편(兒學編)-상(47)-Child learn book(47)

아학편(兒學編)-상(47)- 菘菁芥葑(숭정개봉), 韭韰葱薑(구해종강)

菘菁芥葑(숭청개봉): 배추와 순무, 겨자와 무
菘(배추 숭), 菁(순무 청), 芥(겨자 개), 葑(무 풍)
菘菁芥葑(숭청개봉): Cabbage, turnip and mustard, radish(turnip)

菘菜(숭채) 배추. 십자화과의 두해살이풀로 잎이 여러 겹으로 포개져 자라고 잎·줄기·뿌리를 모두 식용.
蕪菁(무청) 순무. 십자화과의 한해살이풀 또는 두해살이풀이며 무의 하나로 뿌리와 잎은 비타민을 많이 함유.
芥子(개자) 겨자

 

 

菘*배추 숭(艹-11, 인명용)  菘[sōng-쏭], 菘[スウ·とうな(Sū(수우)· touna-(토우나)]

1) 艸(풀초) + 松(소나무송) '배추 숭'이라는 한자로, 채소의 일종인 '배추-chinese cabbage'를 뜻한다.

2) usually called cabbage. A leafy cultivated plant derived from a wild European plant, characterized by a short stem bearing many clusters of usually green leaves forming a compact spherical head, used as a vegetable. The white ones are called "cabbage", and the light yellow ones are called "yellow sprouts"

 

菁*우거질/순무 청(艹-11, 특급)  菁[jīng 지응], 菁[セイ(Sei-세이)；ショウ(shō-쇼)]

1) 艹+靑, 풀(艹)이 푸른(靑) 것이니 ‘우거진be overgrown (with)’ 것이다

2) 초 두(艹=艸)+푸르다 청(靑); 푸른빛(靑) 잎이 우거진 채소(艹=艸)>순무

3) 靑/青 # blue/green + 艸 grass/plant → *turnip* (with deep green leaves; compare the original sense of 青) → *flower of a variety of leek*; *flowery*.

 

芥*겨자 개(艹-8, 1급)  芥[gài-까이, jiè-찌에], 
芥[カイkai(카이)；ケke(케)；あくた(akuta 아쿠따);からし(karashi 카라시)；ごみ(gomi 고미)]

1) 풀 초(艹) + [낄 개(介)] 작은(介) 풀(艹)인 ‘겨자-mustard’이다. 가장 작은 풀로서 가장 작은 열매를 맺는 것이므로 가장 경미한 것을 의미.

2) 풀 초(艹)+낄 개(介); 가장 자극적인 맛이 끼어든(介) 작은 풀(艹) 열매>겨자

3) 介 # (reduce) + 艸 grass/plant → *mustard* (← plant with the medicinal property of reducing swelling) → *dust*; *trash* (← tiny pieces).

 

葑*무 풍/봉(艹-12, 특급)  葑[fèng 뿽], 葑[ホウ(Hō-호)]

1) 艸(풀초) + 封(봉할봉); 뿌리와 잎이 비타민을 많이 함유하여 기운을 돋우는(封) 채소(ꟊ)>순무 (trunip, radish)

2) (葑 순무 풍)
a. 순무(십자화과의 한해살이풀 또는 두해살이풀)
b.방기(防己: 새모래덩굴과의 낙엽 활엽 덩굴나무) 뿌리

3) (葑 순무 봉)
a. 순무(십자화과의 한해살이풀 또는 두해살이풀)
b. 줄의 뿌리(볏과의 여러해살이풀의 뿌리)

4) 封# (conical object) + 艸 grass/plant → *turnip*; *root of a wild rice plant*.

 

韭韰葱薑(구해총강): 부추와 염교, 파와 생강
韭(부초 구), 韰(염교 해), 葱(파 총), 薑(생강 강)
韭韰葱薑(구해총강): Leek, Rakkyo and green onion, ginger

韭菜(구채) 부추
葷菜(훈채): 파ㆍ마늘 따위와 같이 특이(特異)한 냄새가 나는 소채.
葱根(총근) ① 파의 흰 뿌리. ② 미인의 흰 손가락을 비유적으로 이르는 말. 葱蒜(총산) 파와 마늘.
生薑(생강) 생강과의 여러해살이풀로 뿌리는 맵고 향기가 좋아서 향신료와 건위제로 쓰임

"韭韰葱薑" refers to the four essential ingredients in Korean cuisine: garlic chives, leeks, green onions, and ginger. These four ingredients are believed to have medicinal properties and are commonly used in Korean dishes to provide flavor and health benefits. The phrase is often translated as "four-flavor seasoning" or "four-seasoning herbs", emphasizing the importance of these ingredients in Korean cooking.

 

 

韭*부추 구(韭-9, 특급)  韮[jiǔ 찌유], 韭[キュウ(Kyū-큐)；ク(ku-구)；にら(ni ra-니라)]

1) 땅(一)에서 자라고 있는 부추(非)의 모습을 본뜬 글자. 부추(leek, garlic chives)는 줄기가 가늘기 때문에 가늘다는 뜻이 있다. 부추는 한번 심으면 오래가므로(久구) 音이 ‘구’이다.

2) 韭' (jiǔ)은 '艹(초)'와 '臼(구)' 두 부분으로 구성. '초艹'는 "풀" 또는 "식물"을 뜻하는 한자 부수이며, '구-臼'는 생석기 시대에 사용되던 생석기 가마와 주물을 나타내는 상형문자.

3) 중국 고대에는 '韭'이라는 글자는 특히 마늘 부추를 가리키는 데 사용. '韭'은 상(商) 시대(기원전 1600-1046년)에 기원을 둔 것으로 추정

4) A depiction of a *leek*, the top of which bends back toward the ground. When used as an independent character in Japanese, the variant form 韮, adding 艸 grass/plant, is more common.

 

韰*염교/좁을 해(韭-16, 고자)  韰[xiè 시에],  韰 [カイ(Kai-카이)·せまい(semai)]

1) 𣦼(뚫다가 남을 잔) + 韭(부추 구) 염교(백합과에 속하는 여러해살이풀)

2) 歺(죽은뼈알)+又(손우)+韭(부추구), 죽은 뼈(歺)을 손(又)으로 잡으니 부추(韭)는 가느랗고 ‘좁은’ 것이다.

3) The character "韰 (Hae)" is a variant form of the character "葉" which means "leaf". In Korean, it refers to leeks. The character consists of two parts: "韋" which means leather and "葉" which means leaf. The leather represents the tough outer layer of the leek, while the leaf represents the soft inner layer.

 

葱*파 총, 짐수레 창(艹-12, 인명용)  葱[cōng-총], 葱[ソウ(Sō-소)；ねぎ(negi-네기)]

1) 艹+悤, 바삐(悤) 움직이는 풀(艹)인 ‘파뿌리-green onion’이다. 

2) 본래는 艹와 囱(창)과 心의 합자니,  중심(心)이 통(囱)한 풀(艹)은 ‘파’다. 그런데 후에 囱이 匆으로 약화된 것이다. 중심(心)이 굴뚝(囱)처럼 비어 있는 풀(艹)은 ‘파’다.

3) 초 두(艹=艸)+바쁘다/급하다 총(悤); 줄기가 급하게(悤) 자라는 나물(艹=艸)>파

4) This character consists of two parts - 艹 (cao), which means grass, and 聪 (cong), which means clever. Together, they represent the image of a clever person who is able to identify different types of grass. In Korean, it is pronounced as "종" and means scallion.

 

薑*생강 강(艹-17, 1급)  姜[jiāng 찌앙],  薑[キョウ(kyō-쿄)；コウ(kō-코)；はじかみ(haji kami-하지카미]

1) 풀 초(艹) + [지경 강(畺)] 畺은 밭과 밭의 경계선이나, 이곳에서 풀(艹)에 맺힌 뿌리가 결구(結球)와 결구의 구분(畺)이 있는 ‘생강-GINGER’이다. 音은 ‘강’이니 姜(강)자로도 대용한다. 생강의 뿌리는 경계선 같은 매듭이 있다. 生薑(생강)

2) 풀 초(艹)+지경/썩지 아니할 강(畺); 썩지 아니할(畺) 것 같은 강한 식물(艹)>생강

3) 畺# (tight; taut) + 艸 grass/plant → *ginger* (← plant with tightly demarcated rhizomes).