고등학교 교과서 한자(16)-hanja in high school textbook(16)

고등학교 교과서 한자(16) - 陶醉(도취), 處士(처사)

陶醉(도취) intoxication(eudemonia), 陶(기뻐할 도), 醉(취할 취)
일어: [陶酔: とうすい 도쓰이], 중어: 陶醉 [táozuì 타오즈이]
陶醉(도취): 흥취있게 술이 얼큰히 취함, 어떠한 것에 마음이 쏠려 취하다시피 됨.
陶醉 (intoxication): be drunk with happiness, causing someone to have strong feelings of excitement or pleasure.

陶*도야할/기뻐할 도(阜-11, 3급)

1) 陶자는 본래 匋(도)로 썼다. 缶(장군 부)가 의미, 勹(쌀 포)는 발음. ‘장군’은 액체를 담는 것으로, 진흙을 구어 만든 오지 그릇의 일종. 옹기 가마는 의례 비탈진 곳에 설치하였기에 ‘언덕 부’(阜=阝)가 덧붙여 ‘오지그릇’(pottery)이란 본뜻을 더욱 보강시켰다. ‘도야하다’(discipline oneself)는 뜻으로도 쓰인다.

2) 언덕 부(阜/阝) + [질그릇 도(匋)] 가마 요(匋) 혹은 질그릇 도(匋)자의 중앙에 있는 장군 부(缶)자는 항아리와 같은 질그릇의 모습을 본떠 만든 글자. 따라서 이 글자는 질그릇을 굽는 가마를 뜻함. 나중에 가마의 뜻을 분명히 하기 위해 언덕 부(阜/阝)자를 추가해서 가마, 질그릇, 굽다 등을 뜻하는 도(陶)자가 됨. 모든 가마는 언덕을 따라 비스듬히 길게 만들기 때문. 

3) 阝(阜)+匋, 본래 匋는 질그릇인데 후에 또 阝(阜)변을 덧붙여서 언덕에서 흙을 파서 만들 것을 표시하였다. 쇠그릇을 만드는 冶(불릴야)와 합해서 사람 만드는 것도 뜻한다(陶冶). 陶冶(도야) 陶工(도공)

4) 匋# (knead-주무르다, 치대다) + 阜 piled earth (for emphasis/clarification) → knead clay in a vessel →*pottery*; *ceramics*; *porcelain*.

 

醉*취할 취(酉-15, 3급)

1) 醉자는 ‘죽다’(die)는 뜻을 나타내기 위하여 ‘술독 유’(酉)와 ‘죽을 졸’(卒)을 합쳐놓은 것. ‘취하다’(get intoxicated)는 뜻으로도 쓰인다. 

2) 닭/술 유(酉) + [군사 졸(卒)→취] 술(酉)을 먹고 죽은(卒) 듯이 정신 없게 ‘취한’ 것이다. 그러나 설문(說文)에는 ｢술(酉)은 적당히 먹어 마치(卒)라｣는 훈계로 풀이 함. 滿醉(만취) 醉客(취객)

3) 닭/술 유(酉)+마치다 졸(卒) 술(酉)을 마셔 정신이 다하다(卒)>취하다

4) “주량을 채우는 것은 취(醉)라 하고, 주량을 넘어서는 것은 ‘주정할’ 후(酶)라고 한다. 주량을 넘어서면 혼란하게 된다”

5) 卒# (compact) + 酉 alcohol → break down (become figuratively compacted) in drunkenness → (become) *drunk/intoxicated*; *become sick*; *experience motion sickness*.

 

處士(처사) servant,  處(살 처), 士(선비 사)
일어: [処士: しょし 쇼시], 处士 [chǔshì 츄시]
處士(처사): 世波(세파)의 표면에 나서지 않고 조용히 草野(초야)에 묻혀 사는 선비
處士 (servant) Originally it refers to a person who is talented and virtuous but does not serve as an official, and later also refers to a scholar who has never been an official.

處*곳 처(虍-11, 5급)

1) 處자의 원형은 머리에 가죽 관을 쓰고 사람이 등 받침이 없는 의자[几․궤]에 앉아서 쉬고 있는 모습을 본뜬 것. ‘(일손을 멈추고) 쉬다’(rest)가 본래 의미, ‘멈추다’(cease) ‘머무르다’(stay) ‘위치하다’(be situated) ‘분별하다’(discriminate) 등으로 확대 사용.

2) 천천히 걸을 쇠(夊) + 안석 궤(几) + [범 호(虍)→처] 초기의 상형문자를 보면 집 (宀→几) 안에 발(夊)이 들어 있는 모습. 즉 집 안에 있다는 의미로 만들어진 글자. 나중에 소리를 나타내는 범 호(虍)자가 추가 되면서, 발(夊)이 집 (宀→几) 밖으로 나옴.

3) 虍(범호)+夊(천천히걸을쇠)+几(안석궤), 걸어가다(夊)가 앉아 기대(几)서 머물러 있는 것인데 범(虍)처럼 유력하게 ‘사는 곳’도 뜻한다. 處所(처소) 處方(처방) 處置(처치) 處世(처세)

4) From 几(seat), and 夂(to go), and the phonetic 虍: to stop in a place, to sojourn; a place

5) 夂 leg/foot pointed downward + 几 # desk/table → stop and rest on/against a desk, chair, or other furniture (compare 居) → *place*; *point in time* (place an object where it belongs). Later, 虍 tiger was appended to suggest the pronunciation, but the present form reverts to the original.

 

士*선비 사(士-3, 5급)

1) “사(士)는 일을 처리하는 것이다. 숫자는 일 (ᅳ)에서 시작해 십 (十)에서 마친다. 일 (ᅳ)과 십 (十)을 따르는 회의 자이다. 

2) 많은 사물[十]을 연역，귀납해 하나의 간단한 도리를 추론해낼 수 있는 사람이 사(士)이다”라고 풀이함. 부수로 쓰일 때에는 뭔가를 지향하는 뜻이 있다든지 이름을 드러내는 것과 관련이 있음. 덕행과 학식을 갖춘 ‘선비’(a learned man)를 지칭하는 말로 많이 쓰인다.

3) 一(일)과 十(십)이 합쳐진 것 같지만 금문에 보이는 최초의 자형은 도끼 모양으로 되어있다.

4) A decorational ax (士) shows authority. Only a scholar has enough knowledge to gain authority that comes with a title.

출처: https://gotchahanja.tistory.com/entry/아학편兒學編-상07-Child-learn-book07

아학편(兒學編)-상(07)-Child learn book(07)