중학교 교과서 한자(23)-hanja in middle school textbook(23)

중학교 교과서 한자(23) - 業績(업적), 整備(정비)

業績(업적) achievement, 業(일 업), 績(길쌈할/성과 적)
일어: [業績: ぎょうせき 교세끼], 중어: 业绩 [yèjì 이에지]
業績(업적):일의 공적. 업무의 성적.
業績 (achievement): something that has been done or achieved through effort, a result of hard work

위대한 업적(業績)을 남기다.
He left great archievement.

業*일 업(木-13, 6급)

1) 業자는 각종 악기를 거는 틀에 가로 댄 나무판을 본뜬 것이라 하는데, 의미 연관성에 대해서는 정설이 없다. ‘일’(work) ‘생계’(living) ‘직무’(job) 등의 뜻으로 쓰임.

2) 나무 목(木) + 풀 무성할 착(丵) 木, 나무(木)가지가 엉켜져(丵) 있는 것처럼 사람의 할 일이 서로 엉켜 ‘싸인 것’이다. 일이 엉켜 쌓은 것은 사업이다. 職業(직업)

3) A tree (木) crowned with its foliage(나뭇잎) (丵)<< a person's moral 'foliage'; achievements; goods; titles

4) A depiction of a stand with notched wooden supports on both ends. Heavy bells and/or drums were suspended from a wooden bar that was placed atop of (and connected) a pair of such stands (compare 對), exerting(가하다) pressure upon the notches → *work/act* (← create notches) → *skill*;*occupation*. Also, *karma* (← result of acts taken).

 

績*업적 적(糸-17, 4급)

1) 績자는 삼[麻] 등에서 실을 ‘뽑아내다’(draw out)는 뜻을 나타내기 위한 글자, ‘실 사’(糸)가 의미. 責(꾸짖을 책)이 발음 → 蹟(자취 적). ‘일’(work)이나 ‘업적’(achievements)을 뜻하기도 한다.

2) 실 사(糸) + [꾸짖을 책(責)→적] (糸)을 쌓는(責) 것은 ‘베를 짜는’ 것이다. 音은 責의 변음이다. 실을 생산하여 감아 베를 짜는 것은 <績(적)>, 실(糸)을 일방(一方)으로 빼내는 것은 紡(자을방)이다. 紡績(방적)

3) 실/끈 사(糸)+꾸짖다/쌓을 적(積의 획 생략)  실(糸)을 생산해 여러 겹 쌓아간다(積)>길쌈하다

4) 責 # (pile) + 糸 thread → *spin* or *intertwine* piled threads → *achievement* (← results of spinning). For the conceptual link between achievements and a pile, compare 勣.

整備(정비) organize, align,  整(가지런할 정), 備(갖출 비)
일어: [整備: せいび 세이비], 整备 [zhěngbèi 정뻬이]
整備(정비): 정돈(整頓)하여 갖춤.
整備 (organize): to arrange or order things so that they can be found or used easily and quickly; to put things into a particular arrangement or order

체제가 정비(整備)되다. 
They organized the system.

 

整*가지런할 정(束-16, 4급)

1) 묶을 속(束) + 칠 복(攵) + [바를 정(正)] 묶고(束) 쳐서(攵) 바르게(正) 정리(整理)-organizing 한다는 의미.

2) 束(묶을속)+攵+正, 묶은(束) 나무끝이 같지 않으니 그것을 쳐서(攵) 다스려(敕) 같게(正) 하는 것이라, 즉 ‘정돈하는’ 것. 音은 正이다. 整理(정리) 整頓(정돈) 

3) 묶다 속(束)+두드릴 복(攴=攵)+바르다 정(正) 묶고(束) 두들기고(攴=攵) 바로잡다(正)>가지런하게 하다

4) 敕, a variant form of 勅, combines 束 bundle + 攵 action indicator → pull tightly on a bundle in straightening it → imperial decree. Compare 勅. 整 adds 正 # (straight) → straighten by tying firmly → *put in order*; *arrange*; *regulate*; *make proper*; *ready*; *prepare* → *well-proportioned*; *raise money* (← prepare funds).

備*갖출 비(人-12, 5급)

1) 備자가 원래는 ‘사람 인’(亻) 변이 없었다. 이것은 ‘갖추다’(store)라는 뜻을 나타내기 위해 화살을 준비해서 통에 꼽아 둔 모양을 본뜬 것. 사람이라면 누구나 준비성이 있어야 하기 때문인지, 후에 ‘사람 인’(亻)이 추가됐다. 

2) 亻+𤰈, 𤰈는 苟(구)의 약자와 用(용)의 합자인데 亻변을 붙였으니 사람(亻)이 만약(苟) 쓰이(用) 게 될까 해서 ‘갖추어 두는’ 것. 備考(비고) 防備(방비) 

3) 共+用, 함께(共) 쓸(用) 수 있도록 ‘갖추는’ 것. 

4) 사람 인(亻=人)+𤰇화살통 비(鞴의 변형) 기본 의미; 사람(人)이 사냥을 하기 전에 화살 통(鞴)에 화살이 충분히 준비한다> 갖추다

5) right-hand element 𤰇# is a depiction of arrows spread through a quiver; compare 箙. 備 adds 人 person (→ human agency) → *equip/ready* a soldier →*prepare*; *provide*; *possess*.  

6) People(亻) is preparing in case of(苟) using(用) in something precious job -亻 + 𤰈, 𤰈 now obsolete, which was composed of 用 (necessary) and 苟 prepare what is required, not more and not less