중학교 교과서 한자(21)-hanja in middle school textbook(21)

중학교 교과서 한자(21)-流音(유음), 圓脣母音(원순 모음)

流音(유음) liquid consonant,  流(흐를 류), 音(소리 음)
일어: [流音: りゅうおん 류온], 중어:流音 [liúyīn 리우인]
流音(유음): 혀끝을 윗잇몸에 대었다가 떼거나 잇몸에 댄 채 날숨을 그 양옆에
로 흘려보내면서 내는 소리.
流音 (liquid consonant): Making sound that place the tip of your tongue against your upper gums and then release it, or that your tongue against your gums and flowing breathing out either side of it.

 

'ㄹ'은 유음(流音)에 해당된다.
'ㄹ' is one of the liquid consonants.

流*흐를 류(氵-10, 5급)

1) 물 수(氵) + [흐를 류(㐬)] 㐬는 어머니 배속에서 머리를 아래로 하고 나오는 아기(𠫓)와 양수가 흘러나오는(flow out(川)) 모습. 나중에 흐른다는 의미를 분명하게 하기 위해 물 수(氵) 자가 추가됨. 유속(流速)은 유체(流體)가 흐르는 속도.

2) 氵+㐬, 㐬는 달아놓은 기폭이 아래로 늘어진 것이라, 물(氵)이 아래로 ‘흐르는’ 것. 따라서 전기가 동선(銅線)으로 흐르는 데도 쓴다. 流行(유행) 流轉(유전)

3) 물 수(氵)+깃발 류(㐬) 깃발(㐬) 날리 듯  아래로 흘러가는 물(氵=水, 氺)>흐르다

4) 㐬 # is as per 𠫓 as described in 育 (newborn baby) + 川 river (→ flowing water) → flow of amniotic fluid accompanying a fetus passing through the birth canal. The further addition of 水
water is to expand the scope of the term to that of a heavy *flow* of water → *float*; *pour* → *trendy*; *school* (of thought, art etc.); *style*; *rank*; *grade*. Other extended meanings include *wash off/away*; *circulate*; *wander*; *passage* (of time); *descent*; *distribute*; *divert*; *stroll*; *cruise*; and (a) *sink*.

音*소리 음(音-9, 6급)

1) 音자는 사람의 ‘목소리’(a voice)를 나타내기 위한 글자, 이 글자의 원형은 입을 크게 벌리고 혀를 쭉 내밀고 있는 모습을 본뜻 것. 입을 크게 벌린 모습이 ‘日’로, 혀를 쭉 내민 모습이 ‘立’으로 잘못 바뀐 것으로 보임

2) 소리 음(音) 자는 입(口)과 입에 물고 있는 나팔의 모습을 본떠 만든 글자. 상형문자를 보면 말씀 언(言) 자와 거의 유사. 둘 다 소리를 낸다는 공통점이 있음.

3) 言(언)의 口(구) 속에  一(일)을 더한 모양  노래 부르거나 외거나 할 때에 곡조를 붙인 말> 소리

4) 설문(說文)에는 言자의 口속에 一을 그어서 혀로써 ‘소리’를 구별하는 것이다. 설문(說文)에는 “마음에서 나오는 것으로 마디가 있는 것을 ‘音’이라 했다. 즉 구별할 수 있는 ‘목소리’. 또 쇠, 돌, 실, 대나무, 박, 흙, 가죽, 나무 등의 물건 소리라 했다. 소리의 장단고저를 명확히 하는 음악을 뜻함. 音樂(음악) 音聲(음성)

5) 言 # words + a line in the mouth element at the bottom → *indistinct utterance* contained in (not emanating as speech from) the mouth (compare 吟) →*sound*; *noise*; *tone* → *news/w ord of*; *ON reading* of a Han/Chinese character (← read a character by its Sino-Japanese sound; the contrast is to 訓, where the idea is to grasp the signification of a character).

6) Utterance-표현함, 입 밖에 냄 (言 > 立 + 口) of a sound. The sound produced is represented by the 一 within the 口.

 

圓脣母音(원순 모음) rounded vowel, 圓(둥글 원), 脣(입술 순), 母(어미 모), 音(소리 음)
일어: [丸穴母音: まるあなぼいん 마루 아나 보인], 
중어:: 圓脣母音 [yuán chún mǔyīn 유엔 춘 무인] 
圓脣母音 (원순 모음): 발음할 때에 입술을 둥글게 오므려 내는 모음.
圓脣母音 (rounded vowel): A vowel that is pronounced with the lips drawn together and forming a circular opening.

 

‘ㅗ·ㅜ· ㅚ·ㅟ’은 원순 모음(圓脣母音)에 해당된다.
Hangeul ‘ㅗ·ㅜ· ㅚ·ㅟ’ are rounded vowles.

圓*둥글 원(囗-13, 4급)

1) 員자는 둥근 모양의 솥을 본뜬 것으로 ‘둥근 솥’(round pot)이 본래 의미. 口는 솥의 손잡이 부분이 잘못 변한 것이고, 후에 ‘둥글다’(round)는 뜻으로 확대 사용, 이 의미는 다시 圓자를 만들어 나타냈고, 員은 ‘사람 수’(the number of persons)를 나타내는 것으로 차용.

2) 둘러싸일 위(囗) + [수효/사람 원(員)] 수효 원(員) 자는 상형문자를 보면 둥근 원(○→囗) 아래에 솥 정(鼎→貝) 자가 위치. 즉 둥근 원을 강조하기 위해 둥근 솥을 그린 모습. 나중에 "수효"라는 의미로 바뀌면서, 둥글다는 원래의 의미를 분명히 하기 위해 , 다시 한번 둥근 원(○→囗)을 바깥에 둘러싸서, 둥글 원(圓) 자를 새로 만듦.

3) 囗(에울 위)+員, 본래는 員만이 둥근 것이었으나, 이 글자가 둥근 물건이나 사람을 세는 말로 쓰이니 다시 囗자로 둘러싼 것이다. 囗자는 본래 둥글게(○) 썼던 것이다. 圓形(원형) 圓滿(원만)

4) 員# round + 囗 circular enclosure → *round/circular* enclosure → *spherical*; *yen* (← round coin).

脣*입술 순(肉-11, 3급)

1) 脣자는 ‘입술’(lip)을 뜻하는 문자 ‘고기 육’(肉→月)이 의미. 辰(지지 진, 날 신)이 발음. 唇(놀랄 진)은 별개의 다른 글자인데, 획수가 적고 ‘입 구’(口)와 ‘입술’이라는 의미상 연관성이 높기 때문에 脣자를 대신하기도 한다.

2) 고기 육(肉/月) + [지지/별 진(辰)→순] 몸(⺼)에서 별처럼 붉은 부분인 ‘입술’

3) 고기 육(月=肉)+조개 신(蜃의 획 생략) 조개(蜃)의 살(月=肉)이 벌어지고 오므려지는 것과 같은 모양> 입술

4) The body(月) part has red color like a star(辰).

母*어미 모(毋-5, 8급)

1) 母와 女, 이 두 글자는 원래 두 점이 있고 없고의 차이였다.  원래는 상하가 아니라 좌우의 점이었다. 커다란 그 두 점(乳頭․유두)이 어머니의 상징이라고 생각했던 것으로 보임

2) 女+子의 변형, 女자가 아이(子)를 낳으면 ‘어머니’가 된다. 

3) 女자 속에 子의 발이 밑으로 보인 것, 또는 아기를 낳아 안고 있는 여자, 또는 아이에게 젖을 먹이고 있는 여자를 상형

4) 여자는 시집가면 婦(부)고 아이 낳으면 母가 된다. 남자는 장가가면 夫고 가장이 되면 夫가 된다. 母의 부수는 毋(무)이다. 音은 毋의 변 음일 것이다. 母親(모친) 母子(모자) 母女(모녀) ☞每(매양매) 毋(말무)

5) A depiction of a woman, with emphasis on the nipples → *mother*. Conceptually, the character suggests that a mother is a curvaceous(곡선미가 있는) producer of a succession of offspring from the darkness of the womb. The most ancient pronunciation of this term was MA, a sound comparatively easy for infants to produce. Compare 夫.

6) From 女, to which two breasts were added, a woman who suckles(젖을 먹이다) a child: mother; fertility; multiplication

音*소리 음(音-9, 6급)

1) 소리 음(音) 자는 입(口)과 입에 물고 있는 나팔의 모습을 본떠 만든 글자, 상형문자를 보면 말씀 언(言) 자와 거의 유사. 둘 다 소리를 낸다는 공통점이 있기 때문입니다. 상형문자의 맨 위에 있는 -가 소리를 나타낸다. 소리 음(音), 말씀 언(言), 가로 왈(曰) 자 등 소리가 나는 글자에 공통적으로 -가 들어감.

2) 言(언)의 口(구) 속에 또는 一(일)을 더한 모양, 노래 부르거나 외거나 할 때에 곡조를 붙인 말> 소리

3) 설문(說文)에는 “마음에서 나오는 것으로 마디가 있는 것을 ‘音’이라 했다. 즉 구별할 수 있는 ‘목소리’

4) The relevant seal inscription form shows 言 # words + a line in the mouth element at the bottom →*indistinct utterance(말로 표현함)* contained in (not emanating(내뿜다, 방사하다)(as speech from) the mouth (compare 吟) →*sound*; *noise*; *tone* → *news/w ord of*; *ON reading* of a Han/Chinese character (← read a character by its Sino-Japanese sound; the contrast is to 訓, where the idea is to grasp the signification of a character).

5) Utterance (言 > 立 + 口) of a sound. The sound produced is represented by the 一 within the 口.